Description: Photograph showing the alligator effigy pipe recovered at Esch Mound in 1930. The Esch Mounds were a pair of conical mounds located along the Huron River in Erie County, Ohio. Emerson Greenman of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) investigated these mounds in 1930 and unearthed a variety of objects including several platform pipes and a number of Flint Ridge Flint bladelets or flake knives. These are all diagnostic of the Hopewell culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) although a subsequent radiocarbon date of A.D. 590 points to a rather late timeframe for such a classical Hopewell site. Perhaps the most remarkable object recovered in Greenman’s excavations is the large stone smoking pipe seen here, made from Ohio pipestone and fashioned to represent the head of an alligator or perhaps some mythical deity in the Hopewell belief system. This extraordinary object is now on display at the Ohio History Center in Columbus. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B01F05_E2_07
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Effigy pipes; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Esch Mound
Places: Erie County (Ohio)
 

Description: Drawing identified as being by Goodwin, showing the alligator pipe recovered at Esch Mound. The Esch Mounds were a pair of conical mounds located along the Huron River in Erie County, Ohio. Emerson Greenman of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) investigated these mounds in 1930 and unearthed a variety of objects including several platform pipes and a number of Flint Ridge Flint bladelets or flake knives. These are all diagnostic of the Hopewell culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) although a subsequent radiocarbon date of A.D. 590 points to a rather late timeframe for such a classical Hopewell site. Perhaps the most remarkable object recovered in Greenman’s excavations is the large stone smoking pipe seen here, made from Ohio pipestone and fashioned to represent the head of an alligator or perhaps some mythical deity in the Hopewell belief system. This extraordinary object is now on display at the Ohio History Center in Columbus. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B01F05_E2_06
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Effigy pipes; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Esch Mound; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Erie County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph taken at Flint Ridge identified on the reverse as "face of quarry showing flint 3' 7" thick." Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_17
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio);
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Close-up photograph showing a flint quarry at Flint Ridge. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_08
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio);
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: A young boy is photographed near the entrance of a stone structure, identified as a flint quarry in Laughman's Woods at Flint Ridge. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_03
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio);
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows a stone wall located in Hazlett Mound at Flint Ridge. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_14
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio); Mounds--Ohio;
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows an excavated entrance to a stone structure at Flint Ridge. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_18
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio); Mounds--Ohio;
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing a fluted point recovered in an excavation of Esch Mound in 1930. The Esch Mounds were a pair of conical mounds located along the Huron River in Erie County, Ohio. Emerson Greenman of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) investigated these mounds in 1930 and unearthed a variety of objects including several platform pipes and a number of Flint Ridge Flint bladelets or flake knives. These are all diagnostic of the Hopewell culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) although a subsequent radiocarbon date of A.D. 590 points to a rather late timeframe for such a classical Hopewell site. Perhaps the most remarkable object recovered in Greenman’s excavations was a large stone smoking pipe made from Ohio pipestone and fashioned to represent the head of an alligator or perhaps some mythical deity in the Hopewell belief system. This extraordinary object is now on display at the Ohio History Center in Columbus. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B01F05_E2_04
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Esch Mound
Places: Erie County (Ohio)
 

Description: A young boy is photographed near a flint quarry in Laughman's Woods at Flint Ridge. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_04
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio);
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing a stone structure found within the Hazlett Mound at Flint Ridge. It is part of a large, rectangular structure built of blocks of Flint Ridge flint. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_15
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio); Mounds--Ohio;
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing a stone structure found within the Hazlett Mound at Flint Ridge. It is part of a large, rectangular structure built of blocks of Flint Ridge flint. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_16
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio); Mounds--Ohio;
Places: Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: A young boy is photographed seated at the base of a stone wall in the Flint Ridge quarry after it has been cleared out. Flint Ridge Ancient Quarries and Nature Preserve is located in Licking County, Ohio, just east of Newark. Flint Ridge flint, renowned for both its high quality and amazing array of colors, was quarried for thousands of years by American Indians to fashion their tools, weapons and ceremonial objects. The Hopewell Culture (100 B.C. - A.D. 400) in particular made extensive use Flint Ridge flint to produce their culturally diagnostic cores and bladelets and for making small bifaces or “cache blades” used for trade and/or mortuary offerings. Flint Ridge flint artifacts from all time periods are commonly found on American Indian sites throughout Ohio and much of the eastern United States. It is little wonder that Flint Ridge has been called “The Great Indian Quarry of Ohio.” Flint, particularly Flint Ridge Flint, was named as Ohio’s official gem stone in 1965 and remains popular among hobbyists as a lapidary stone and a favored material for modern flint knappers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E1_02
Subjects: American Indian history; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeological excavations; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Flint Ridge (Ohio);
Places: Licking County (Ohio)